Self, Perception, & Communication

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cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="31800640egdysm.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B>The Message </b></FONT><B>   |     </b><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Message"><U><B>home</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=150 BGCOLOR="#0000BF" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <div> <B>"What do you want to be remembered for?                        The answer will tell you what to do with the   rest of your life."               Ken Standley   </b></div> <bR> <div> <B>Related Links</b></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.2h.com/Tests/personality.phtml" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.2h.com/Tests/personality.phtm"><U><B>Personality Tests Online</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id139.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Personality Plus Test"><U><B>Personality Plus Test</b></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/perscontents.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/persconten"><U><B>Personality Theories: Online Textbook</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.learner.org/exhibits/personality/index.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.learner.org/exhibits/personal"><U><B>Personality:  What Makes Us Who We Are?</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www2.smeal.psu.edu/courses/mktg330.goldberg/handouts/personality/tsld001.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www2.smeal.psu.edu/courses/mktg33"><U><B>Psychology Notes: Personality</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.multimedia.calpoly.edu/libarts/cslem/wizdemo/16-ChapterB.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.multimedia.calpoly.edu/libart"><U><B>Behavior Attributions</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch04/ch04.mhtml" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch"><U><B>Sensation and Perceptions:  Web Based Learning Tools</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.illusionworks.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.illusionworks.com/"><U><B>Illusion and Perception Activities</b></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/mathsci/anth/p101/socpsych/ATTRIBUT.HTM" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/mathsci/anth/p1"><U><B>Social Perception:  How We See Others</b></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.multimedia.calpoly.edu/libarts/cslem/wizdemo/16-ChapterA.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.multimedia.calpoly.edu/libart"><U><B>Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Others</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/mathsci/anth/p101/socpsych/ATTRIBUT.HTM" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/mathsci/anth/p1"><U><B>Attribution Activity</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.multimedia.calpoly.edu/libarts/cslem/wizdemo/16-ChapterB.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.multimedia.calpoly.edu/libart"><U><B>Attribution Process: Explaining Behavior</b></U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>"The world won't care about your self-esteem.               The world will expect you to accomplish something BEFORE you feel good about yourself."</b></div> <div> <B>Bill Gates Message on Life</b></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Self, Perception, & Communication</I></div> <div> <IMG SRC="334aaaa0.gif" border=0 width="170" height="170" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="502" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#339900" BORDERCOLORDARK="#339900" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#A6CAF0 > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 116 ><NOBR><div> I highly recommend you take the following personality tests</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="http://www.advisorteam.com/user/ktsintro.asp" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.advisorteam.com/user/ktsintro"><U><B>Keirsey Temperment Personality Test</b></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www2.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/ILSdir/ilsweb.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www2.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users"><U><B>Learning Styles Test</b></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.ldrc.ca/projects/miinventory/miinventory.php" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.ldrc.ca/projects/miinventory/"><U><B>Multiple Intelligence Inventory</b></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id139.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Personality Plus Test"><U><B>Personality Plus Test</b></U></A></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <B>SELF AND  COMMUNICATION </b></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">You perception of others is the product of how you view yourself</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">You remember things better if you relate to self</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">You tend to ignore that which contrasts your view of self.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div>  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Comic Sans MS" >"You are where you are...</FONT></div> <div>  Because of the choices you've made."                           </div> <div> -Ken Standley<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >       </FONT></div> <div>                                   </div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="0db91c00.gif" border=0 width="145" height="192" ALT="Metafile Companion Picture (32-bit)" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Self-concept</b></FONT><B> </b>is how  I think and feel about myself. </div> <div> Our sense of self comes from our communication with others</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">What we look like and how they feel about us. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Your self concept is based on the values of the culture and the community you come from .  </div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Self Concept is made of:</b></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Reflected Appraisals</b>- Messages we get about ourselves from others.  Often in terms of scripts.</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Social Comparisons</b>- We compare ourselves to others and see how we measure up</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Self Perception- </b>Using past experiences to see yourself in your own way.</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="34a57630.gif" border=0 width="343" height="355" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Self Esteem</b><B> </b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >is how I value myself</FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>" Value yourself.  </b></div> <div> <B>The only people who appreciate a doormat </b></div> <div> <B>are people with dirty shoes."  </b></div> <div> <B>From </b><I><B>Love</b></I><B> by Leo Buscaglia</b></div> <bR> <div> <B>Self Efficacy</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > is how I predict my success</FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>"You are who you imagine you can be."</b></div> <div> <B>-Erik Erikson</b></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0990e110.gif" border=0 width="526" height="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>Schema Theory</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >- Mental structures that assemble chunks of remembered information, which in turn, work together to create meaning and understanding</FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> "Existing pegs to hang information on."</div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">People Schema - </b>Making general assumptions about an individual</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Role Schema-</b> How you act when in a certain role</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Event Schema-</b> Allows you to expect an event to take place a certain way</div> <bR> <div> <B>Self-Schema Theory-</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > a structure or frame work composed of various pieces of information that a person attributes to self, that helps a person develop a sense of self, guides a persons actions, and facilitates the acquisition of storage of new information as it pertains to self.</FONT></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Basically, generalizations about self based on past that guides how you perceive the world as it pertains to you. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">People collect information that goes along with their established views</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0990e110.gif" border=0 width="526" height="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>Scripts:</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  We are given lines to speak</FONT></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Say thank you</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Your a good boyI</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">I don't know what's wrong with you</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">I'm always here for you</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">I'm proud of you</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">You have no sense of responsibility at all.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">You act as if the world owes you a living</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">I'm not going to put up with this for another minute.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">As long as you live in this house...</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Because I said so</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id112.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Scripts"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b70118ff660000.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Scripts</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id144.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Self Messages"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b70118ff660000.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Self Messages</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <B>Self-fulfilling prophesies-</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >-events or actions that occur because we and other people have  expected them. </FONT></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">You'll never have much</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Your a good student</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> The person who believes they can do something</div> <div>  is probably right....   </div> <div> So it the person who believes they can't.</div> <div>           Don and Laverne Daver</div> <bR> <div> <B>Social Comparisons</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >-we compare ourselves to others to see how we measure up</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>Self-Perception-</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >-the way you see yourself.</FONT></div> <div> <B>     </b></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Gender connection--</b></div> <div> Michael Schwalbe and Clifford Staples found </div> <div> <B>men and women form self concept different</b></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="498" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#333333 > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#6633FF HEIGHT= 26 WIDTH="231"><div> <B>Males</b></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#6633FF WIDTH="248"><div> <B>Females</b></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#99FFFF HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="231"><div> social comparisons are the most important</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#99FFFF WIDTH="248"><div> reflected appraisals are the most important</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#99FFFF HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="231"><div> value reflected appraisals of parents</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#99FFFF><NOBR><div> value reflected appraisal of friends</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#99FFFF HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="231"><div> self confidence comes from achievement</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#99FFFF><NOBR><div> self confidence from attachment</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div>           </div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="0e6569f0.gif" border=0 width="86" height="159" ALT="Metafile Companion Picture (32-bit)" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <I>Men-- value reflected appraisals of parents</I></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="135f4080.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="8" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> PERCEPTION   <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >                                                                                    </FONT></div> <div> <B>Perception is </b>how you look at others and the world around you.  How you look at the world depends on what you think of yourself</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="374cb980.jpg" border=0 width="203" height="152" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> How many legs does this elephant have?</div> <div> Illusions are used to show that our senses can be tricked-this happens in communication when there is a difference in what we expect and what really is happening. (Not to mention, their attention getters)</div> <bR> <div> <B>Perceptual Process-</b>you select the information, you organize it, and you interpret it</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="37660fe0.jpg" border=0 width="352" height="254" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Count the Black Dots</div> <bR> <div> <B>Perceptions and culture-</b>most people communicate best with people of similar culture.</div> <bR> <div> Your perception and attributions affect the way you communicate.</div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="34d94200.gif" border=0 width="404" height="288" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <IMG SRC="135f4080.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="8" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>Fundamental Attribution Error</b></div> <div> Blame your behavior on outside influences and blame other's behavior on internal flaws</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="135f4080.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="8" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>Race</b> refers to biological characteristics such as color of skin, eyes, and hair.  Sometimes they share the same culture and sometimes not. </div> <bR> <div> <B>Ethnicity </b>refers to a shared history, tradition, and culture. Culture is always shared, nationality may or may not be shared.  </div> <bR> <div> <B>Stereotype</b>-are oversimplifies or distorted views of another race, another ethnic group, or another culture.  </div> <bR> <div> <B>Racism: </b> Implies that one's race is superior</div> <bR> <div> <B>Ethnocentrism:</b>  Implies that ones ethnic group is so superior that it occupies the center of the world.  </div> <bR> <div> For more on cultural differences see <A HREF="id52.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Intercultural Notes"><U>Intercultural Notes</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> "You do not live in an unjust world created by others...     </div> <div>  For the most part, you live in a world created by your attitude." </div> <div>   -Ken Standley</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>